Shifts in Language: Trends in Identity-First and Person-First Terminology in Media and Books
Study Explores Language Trends in Disability and Mental Health References
Researchers have examined how language referring to individuals with disabilities or mental health conditions has evolved over recent decades, focusing on the use of person-first versus identity-first terminology. Person-first language (e.g., “person with autism”) emphasizes the individual before the condition, while identity-first language (e.g., “autistic person”) foregrounds the condition as part of identity. This distinction remains an active topic of discussion among advocates, clinicians, and researchers.
Key Findings on Terminology Usage Over Time
The study analyzed large text datasets, including Google Books from 1980 to 2019 and the News on the Web corpus from 2010 to 2025, to track how often each form appeared. Results showed that person-first language gained popularity starting in the 1980s, reflecting a broader cultural shift toward emphasizing personhood. However, this trend did not continue linearly; more recent years have seen a resurgence of identity-first language, creating a curvilinear pattern in usage over time.
Additionally, identity-first language was more commonly used in singular forms (e.g., “an autistic person”) than in plural ones (e.g., “autistic people”). The study also found notable variation in preferences depending on the specific condition or disability being referenced, indicating that terminology choices are nuanced and context-dependent.
Context and Implications for Families and Communities
Understanding these evolving language trends is important for families, educators, healthcare providers, and media professionals who communicate about disability and mental health. The choice between person-first and identity-first language can reflect respect, self-identification, and cultural values. Some communities advocate strongly for identity-first language as a positive affirmation of identity, while others prefer person-first language to emphasize individuality beyond a diagnosis.
Limitations and Considerations
While the study offers comprehensive data on language trends in published books and online news, it does not capture all contexts, such as spoken language or social media discourse. Moreover, the research highlights correlations in language use over time but does not establish causation or determine which terminology is universally preferred or more respectful. Individual preferences vary widely, and sensitivity to personal and community choices remains paramount.
For those engaging with disability and mental health topics, awareness of these shifting linguistic patterns can support more informed and respectful communication.
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